South Africa houses some of the oldest and most significant libraries in the world. These libraries are not just repositories of books and archives; they are the custodians of South African heritage, culture, and intellectual legacy. From colonial-era establishments to those bearing witness to the struggle and triumph over apartheid, South African libraries are as diverse and spirited as the country itself.
In this guide, we will take a journey through the ten oldest libraries in South Africa, discovering their origins, their significance, and the treasures they hold.
Oldest Libraries in South Africa
1. The Grey Collection at the National Library of South Africa, Cape Town
Established in 1818, The Grey Collection is part of the National Library of South Africa located in Cape Town. It was founded by Sir George Grey, a British colonial administrator, and dedicated bibliophile. The collection boasts a vast array of historical texts, rare manuscripts, and personal papers dating back to the early 19th century.
Grey’s personal contribution of 5,000 volumes in the 1860s laid the foundation for what would become a cornerstone of South African literary heritage. This library is a pilgrimage site for researchers interested in the colonial history of South Africa and the wider continent.
2. South African Library for the Blind, Grahamstown
Founded in 1919, the South African Library for the Blind (SALB) in Grahamstown is not just one of the oldest libraries in the country but also a pioneering institution. This library was established to provide the visually impaired with access to literature and information, a novel idea at the time. It houses an extensive collection of Braille volumes and audio books, making literature accessible to thousands of blind and partially sighted South Africans.
The SALB plays a critical role in promoting literacy and education among the visually impaired community. Its founding was a landmark moment in the country’s history, showcasing a commitment to inclusivity and education for all.
3. The Cory Library, Rhodes University, Grahamstown
Established in 1931, The Cory Library at Rhodes University serves as a crucial repository of historical materials related to the Eastern Cape, as well as Southern African studies more broadly. Named after Sir George Cory, a prominent historian and collector, the library’s collections include rare books, manuscripts, photographs, and maps.
Cory’s personal collection, along with subsequent donations, has positioned the library as a key resource for researchers in anthropology, history, and botany. The collection focuses not only on the colonial era but also on the rich cultural heritage and diversity of the African continent. It remains a beacon for academics worldwide, drawn by its unique collections.
4. Johannesburg Public Library
Founded in 1889, the Johannesburg Public Library stands as a beacon of knowledge in the heart of one of South Africa’s largest cities. Originally serving the nascent gold mining community, it has grown into a major public resource offering access to a vast collection of books, digital resources, and historical documents.
The library’s architecture, a blend of Edwardian and Modernist styles, is itself a point of interest. Its Africana collection is renowned for its extensive coverage of the socio-political history of South Africa. This institution not only serves as a community hub but also as a vital research center.
5. The Killie Campbell Africana Library, Durban
The Killie Campbell Africana Library in Durban, established in the early 1930s, began as the personal collection of Killie Campbell, one of South Africa’s most notable collectors of Africana. The library houses one of the most comprehensive collections of South African and African historical artifacts, manuscripts, books, and photographs. Its collection of Zulu materials is particularly famed, offering an unparalleled window into the culture, language, and history of the Zulu nation.
This library serves not just as a repository of historical materials but as a vibrant center for cultural preservation and research. Its significance extends beyond academia, playing a crucial role in the cultural life of Durban and its surroundings.
6. Port Elizabeth Main Library
The Port Elizabeth Main Library, opened in 1902, is notable both for its architectural beauty and its historical significance. With its Victorian Gothic style, the library is a landmark in the Port Elizabeth cityscape.
The Port Elizabeth Main Library was initially funded by Scottish philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, who was pivotal in establishing over 2,500 libraries across the world.
The library’s collection is vast and diverse, providing resources for casual readers and researchers alike. It also plays a central role in the community by hosting various cultural and educational events.
7. Kimberley Public Library
The Kimberley Public Library, founded in 1887, is one of the oldest public libraries in South Africa. It was established during the height of the diamond mining boom in Kimberley, serving the rapidly growing population of the city.
The library is housed in a historic building, offering a glimpse into the architectural styles of the late 19th century. Its collections include a wide range of materials, with a special emphasis on the history of mining in South Africa.
The Kimberley Public Library remains a crucial educational and cultural institution in the Northern Cape.
8. Stellenbosch University Library
The origins of Stellenbosch University Library date back to 1887, making it one of the oldest academic libraries in South Africa. Initially part of Victoria College, the library has grown substantially over the years, mirroring the development of Stellenbosch University itself. It boasts a comprehensive collection that supports the university’s wide range of academic disciplines.
The library also houses several special collections, including rare books and manuscripts related to the history and culture of the Western Cape. It is a vital resource for students and researchers, both locally and internationally.
9. The Parliamentary Library, Cape Town
Established in 1854, The Parliamentary Library, located within the precincts of the South African Parliament in Cape Town, is among the oldest in the country. Its inception was aimed at supporting the legislative needs of the then newly formed Parliament of the Cape Colony.
Today, it serves the members of the South African Parliament, providing access to a wealth of legislative documents, legal texts, and reference materials. The library’s history mirrors that of South African democracy, transitioning from colonial rule through apartheid to the present day. It remains a symbol of the country’s legislative history and democratic process.
10. Bloemfontein Public Library
Founded in 1887, the Bloemfontein Public Library marks the beginning of public library services in the Orange Free State. As the judicial capital of South Africa, Bloemfontein’s library system has always been central to the intellectual life of the city. The library boasts a significant collection of works on law and the justice system, reflecting its status in the legal capital.
Moreover, its holdings include a broad selection of historical and contemporary literature, serving the diverse interests of its patrons. The library continues to be a cornerstone of community engagement and learning in Bloemfontein.
FAQs
What is considered when determining the age of a library?
The age of a library is generally determined by the date it was officially established or opened to the public. This can include formal dedication ceremonies or the adoption of a charter for library services.
Can anyone access these historic libraries?
Most of these libraries are open to the public, though some may require an appointment or specific permissions for access, especially for rare or archival materials. Academic libraries may have restrictions for non-university affiliated patrons.
Do these libraries only house old books?
While these libraries host extensive collections of historic and rare books, they also continuously update their holdings with contemporary literature, academic journals, and digital resources to serve the current needs of their communities.
How do these libraries contribute to South African culture?
These libraries are pivotal in preserving South African heritage, offering insight into the country’s diverse history, languages, and cultures. They support research, education, and public engagement, fostering a culture of literacy and lifelong learning.
Conclusion
The oldest libraries in South Africa stand as monuments to the country’s complex history, cultural diversity, and intellectual development. From the colonial era to the present day, these libraries have played crucial roles in the preservation and dissemination of knowledge. They have adapted to changing times while maintaining their commitment to serving their communities, scholars, and the public at large.
As we move further into the digital age, these institutions continue to evolve, ensuring that the rich tapestry of South African history and literature remains accessible to all.