London, a city with layered history dating back to Roman times, is home to some of the most ancient and magnificent churches in the world. These places of worship not only offer a glimpse into the spiritual life of past generations but also stand as testament to the architectural and cultural advancements through the centuries.
Many of London’s oldest churches have survived plagues, fires, wars, and the test of time, each with its own unique story to tell.
In this exploration, we delve into the history and significance of some of the oldest churches that grace the streets and skylines of London.
List of Oldest Churches in London
1. St. Bartholomew the Great
Founded in 1123, St. Bartholomew the Great is one of the oldest surviving churches in London. Located in the Smithfield area, it managed to escape the Great Fire of London in 1666. This church started as an Augustinian monastery and has endured a turbulent history, including the Reformation when the monastic buildings were destroyed.
Its impressive Norman and medieval architecture, with high arching ceilings and ancient stone, transports visitors back through time. Today, it continues to serve as a working church, while also being a popular filming location for movies like “Shakespeare in Love.”
2. All Hallows by the Tower
Dating back to 675, All Hallows by the Tower is recognized as the oldest church in the City of London. Situated just a stone’s throw from the Tower of London, the church has witnessed key historical events, including the beheading of Sir Thomas More. The original Saxon architecture can still be observed in the undercroft, though much of the church had to be rebuilt after World War II bombing.
All Hallows houses several artifacts, including a Roman pavement, discovered during restoration. Its ongoing mission to serve the city’s community is evident from the diverse range of services and events it hosts.
3. St. Paul’s Cathedral
St. Paul’s Cathedral, with its iconic dome, is a masterpiece of English baroque architecture designed by Sir Christopher Wren. The current building dates back to the late 17th century, following the destruction of its predecessor in the Great Fire of London. Famous for its Whispering Gallery and breathtaking panoramic views from its Golden Gallery, the cathedral has witnessed many royal occasions.
It also symbolized hope and resilience during the London Blitz of WWII. Historically, a church dedicated to St Paul has stood on this site since 604 AD, making it an ancient religious site, though not continuously a standing structure.
4. Southwark Cathedral
The origins of Southwark Cathedral can be traced back to around 606 AD, with the current structure primarily dating from between 1220 and 1420. Positioned on the south bank of the River Thames, it serves as the mother church of the Anglican Diocese of Southwark. The cathedral boasts a stunning gothic interior, an array of medieval stained glass windows, and the Shakespeare memorial, paying homage to the bard who frequented the nearby Globe Theatre.
Over the years, this sacred space has adapted to the evolving community, embracing modern art and hosting vibrant events. Southwark Cathedral remains a beloved landmark, reflecting over a millennium of London’s ecclesiastical history.
5. St. Mary-le-Bow
Famous for its historic ‘Bow Bells’, St. Mary-le-Bow is an iconic church located in the heart of the City of London. Rebuilt after the Great Fire of London by Sir Christopher Wren, it again faced reconstruction after devastating damage in World War II. Traditionally, a true Cockney is someone born within earshot of these bells.
The church’s crypt dates back to the medieval period, though the site has been home to a church since Saxon times. St. Mary-le-Bow remains a vibrant centre of worship and community life, its tower and pealing bells adding to the unique soundscape of the city.
6. Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, officially titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an architectural wonder that has played a central role in British history. It has been the coronation church since 1066 and is the final resting place for seventeen monarchs. The present church was begun by Henry III in 1245 and is one of the most important Gothic buildings in the country.
Westminster Abbey has hosted numerous royal events, including weddings and funerals, and is also known for its Poet’s Corner, celebrating the literary contributions of famous British writers. This UNESCO World Heritage site continues to capture the fascination of visitors with its storied past and religious significance.
7. St Giles-without-Cripplegate
St Giles-without-Cripplegate church, located in the Barbican area of London, is another historic building that managed to survive both the Great Fire of London and the Blitz. Founded in 1090, the church has undergone various renovations and rebuildings throughout the centuries. Its name ‘without’ refers to its location outside the city walls of London.
The church is closely associated with the renowned English poet John Milton, who is buried here. Despite the modern developments encasing it, St Giles retains its ancient charm and continues as an active parish church.
8. St. Bride’s Church
St. Bride’s Church on Fleet Street is affectionately known as the “Journalists’ Church,” reflecting its long-standing connection with the printing and media industry. The church’s history dates back to the 6th century, with the current design another work by Sir Christopher Wren, completed in 1672 after the Great Fire of London. The church’s distinctive tiered spire is said to have inspired the traditional shape of the wedding cake.
While the Blitz heavily damaged St. Bride’s, the Wren-designed structure was restored, and today it remains a vital part of London’s heritage.
9. St. Pancras Old Church
St. Pancras Old Church is considered one of England’s oldest sites of Christian worship, possibly dating back to the early 4th century. With its quiet churchyard, the church offers a tranquil oasis compared to the bustling streets that surround it. The current building, largely reconstructed in the 19th century, amalgamates various architectural styles due to its many rebuilding periods.
In the churchyard lies the remarkable Hardy Tree, named after Thomas Hardy, who worked here when it was a cemetery. It serves as a potent symbol of the site’s layered history.
FAQs
What is the oldest church that’s still standing in London?
All Hallows by the Tower is recognized as the oldest church in London that’s still standing. It was established in 675 and has undergone numerous restorations, especially after the damage during World War II.
Can visitors attend services at these historical churches?
Yes, many of these ancient churches operate as active places of worship and welcome visitors to attend their services. It’s always best to check the individual church’s official website or contact them for current service times and visitor information.
Have these old churches always been open to the public?
While these churches are historically places of public worship, access to them may have varied through the years, especially during times of social upheaval or renovation. Today, most are open to the public for both worship and tourism.
Are there entrance fees to visit these churches?
Some churches may request a donation for general maintenance and preservation. However, many of them do not charge an entrance fee for visitors who wish to explore the church and attend services. It is advisable to check this information in advance as policies may vary.
Conclusion
London’s oldest churches are not just relics of the past; they are vibrant institutions that continue to serve their communities. They stand as powerful symbols of resilience and beauty, reflecting the spiritual and architectural heritage of the city. Exploring these ancient sites allows us to appreciate the intricate tapestry of London’s history and the unyielding spirit of its people.
Whether you are drawn by faith, history, architecture, or the simple desire to find calm in the midst of the city’s bustle, these old churches offer a rare window into the soul of London, a city forever building upon its storied past.